Passed by Congress September 25, 1789. Ratified December 15, 1791. The first 10 amendments form the Bill of Rights
Text of the Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.Interpretations & Debate
The National Constitution Center publishes interpretive essays from leading constitutional scholars across the political spectrum exploring different clauses of the First Amendment.Establishment Clause
Read interpretations of the Establishment Clause.
Free Exercise Clause
Read interpretations of the Free Exercise Clause.
Free Speech and Press
Read interpretations of the Free Speech and Press.
Assembly and Petition
Read interpretations of the Assembly and Petition.